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- NATION, Page 18Aid That Would Work
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- If George Bush could sweep away all the political and legal
- roadblocks to U.S. economic aid for the Soviet Union, he would
- still be hard pressed to find prudent ways to provide it. Loans
- from the West, no matter how generously dispensed, could not
- transform the huge and irrational Soviet economy into a
- productive enterprise. Moscow is $2 billion behind in its
- payments to foreign suppliers right now, and is running a
- budget deficit of more than $100 billion. Transfusions will not
- provide a cure.
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- Even food aid would be almost useless, since the primary
- cause of the Soviet Union's meat and vegetable shortage is its
- primitive storage and distribution system. More than half of
- all fruits and vegetables end up unfit for human consumption,
- and the same thing would inevitably happen to American
- shipments. Mikhail Gorbachev's path to salvation must lead away
- from centralized socialist planning and toward a market
- economy. Any future American assistance will probably be aimed
- at pushing him down that road.
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- One program the U.S. might contemplate is providing the
- Kremlin with credit to buy Western consumer goods for resale
- in the Soviet Union for rubles. While some economists dismiss
- this as a palliative, it could bring several benefits. The
- goods -- clothing, household electronics, large items like
- autos -- could be sold at whatever the market would bear. This
- would absorb much of the $670 billion of savings "overhang"
- locked up in banks or stashed away at home because Soviet
- shoppers can find nothing worth buying. Sopping up that excess
- cash would make subsequent restructuring, from price reform to
- the convertibility of the ruble, less likely to produce
- hyperinflation.
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- Putting consumer goods on Soviet shelves might also help
- revive the vanished work ethic and boost productivity by
- establishing a link between earning money and being able to buy
- desirable merchandise. That link was severed in the Soviet
- Union in the late 1920s, when Lenin's relatively liberal New
- Economic Policy was replaced by Stalin's industrial planning
- and forced collectivization of agriculture.
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- Soviet purchases of the new technology of communication --
- desktop publishing, computers and modems, fax and Xerox
- machines, cellular telephones -- could also have far-reaching
- effects. Washington has been cautious about releasing some of
- this, for fear it might enhance Soviet military power. On the
- contrary, it is more likely to advance the free flow of ideas
- and the growth of political diversity. A centralized state
- would find it hard to turn back the clock.
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- Bush says he is willing to send technical advisers to show
- the Soviets how to expand institutions that are just taking
- shape there, like commercial banks, a stock market, accounting
- firms, private construction and agricultural businesses. He
- could go further and outflank the stultifying bureaucracy by
- offering to provide funds directly to those market-oriented
- innovations. He might give loans, along with managerial
- training, to budding Soviet entrepreneurs who want to buy state
- enterprises that are marked for privatization. Well handled,
- such new companies could demonstrate the virtues of perestroika
- and provide employment for some of the millions who will be
- thrown out of work once the Soviet Union embraces efficiency
- and productivity.
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